Various industrialized countries have started to regulate energy usage efficiency for a variety of standard consumer and industrial products. Along with other types of electronic equipment, power adapters have come under scrutiny with respect to energy usage. Below is a synopsis of the various energy performance regulations and standards that have been promulgated over the last few years (for power adapters).
MISC. REGULATORY LINKS:
1) The California Energy Commission regulates power adapters thru it's Appliance Regulations office. Information can be found at: www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/index.html
2) The US Department of Energy (DOE) regulates external power supplies based upon the EISA 2007 legislation (Energy Independence and Security Act), which was passed in December 2007. The text of this document is available here: Please see section 301.
3) Australia Link: http://www.energyrating.gov.au/eps2.html
4) EU energy conserving directive Link: directive_2005_32.pdf and Commission Regulation EC No 278/2009 and Commission Regulation EC No 1275/2008
MANDATORY COMPLIANCE, with exemption for medical equipment.
CEC (California Energy Commission)
As of July 1st, 2008 external power supplies (power adapters) are required to meet Tier 2 limits. This is equivalent to Efficiency Level 4 (see table 1).
DOE (U.S.A. Department of Energy)
As of July 1st, 2008 external power supplies (power adapters) are required to meet limits called out in EISA2007 (Energy Independence and Security Act). This is equivalent to Efficiency Level 4 (see table 1). The EISA2007 national law supercedes individual state laws.
EU (European Union)
The EU Directive 2005/32/EC established a framework from which various ecodesign (energy performance) standards could be promulgated. Starting on April 27, 2010 all systems using power adapters for consumer electronics or office equipment will be required to meet Efficiency Level 4 requirements. Starting on April 27, 2011 all systems using power adapters for consumer electronics or office equipment will be required to meet Efficiency Level 5 requirements.
AUSTRALIA / NEW ZEALAND
In order to meet the requirements of regulation AS/NZS 4665, an external power supply must meet the requirements of Efficiency Level 3 (see table 1). This requirement became effective as of Dec 1st, 2008. There is an exception in the Aus/NZ regulation that exempts AC-AC power adapters from needing to meet the no load energy consumption requirement.
VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE
EPA(U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency)
Effective December 31, 2010, the EPA has "sunset" the External Power Supply category, therefore the Energy Star label is no longer to be used for this class of products.
EC (European Commission)
The EC has created the document "Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies ", version 3 is to be implemented on Jan 1, 2009. This new version coincides with Efficiency Level 5 (see table 1).
CECP (China Certification Centre for Energy Conservation Product )
Currently China requires voluntary compliance to Efficiency Level 2 requirements (see table 1). China is considering making these requirements mandatory, should voluntary compliance be shown to be inadequate.
KEMCO (Korea Energy Management Corporation)
Sometime in 2010 Korea will require compliance to the “Standby Korea 2010,” program. The External Power Supply category will require less than 0.5W input power, lack of compliance will require application of a rather large octagon shaped yellow label which states the product "fails to meet" energy performance requirements.
| Efficiency Level Mark |
Performance Requirements | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nameplate Power Output (Pno) |
Required No-Load Input Power |
Nameplate Power Output (Pno) |
Required Average Active Efficiency | ||
| I | Used if none of the other criteria are met | ||||
| II | 1 to <=10 W 10 to 250 W |
<= 0.75 W <= 1.0 W |
0 to 1 W > 1 to 49 W > 49 to 250 W |
>= 0.39 x Pno >= 0.107 x Ln(Pno) + 0.39 >= 0.82 |
|
| III | 0 to < 10 W 10 to 250 W |
<= 0.5 W <= 0.75 W |
0 to 1 W > 1 to 49 W > 49 to 250 W |
>= 0.49 x Pno >= 0.090 x Ln(Pno) + 0.49 >= 0.84 |
|
| IV | 0 to 250 W | <= 0.5 W | 0 to 1 W > 1 to 51 W > 51 to 250 W |
>= 0.50 x Pno >= 0.090 x Ln(Pno) + 0.50 >= 0.85 |
|
| V | 0 to < 50 W 50 to 250 W |
<= 0.5 W for ac-ac <= 0.3 W for ac-dc <= 0.5 W |
0 to 1 W > 1 to 49 W > 49 to 250 W |
Vo > 6V: >= 0.480 x Pno + 0.140 Vo <= 6V: <= 0.497 x Pno + 0.067 Vo > 6V: 0.0626 x Ln(Pno) + 0.622 Vo <= 6V: 0.0750 x Ln(Pno) + 0.561 Vo > 6V: >= 0.87 Vo <= 6V: <= 0.86 |
|
| Power Conversion Technology | Product Description (webpage link) |
Model Series | Nominal 12V Output Power Rating |
Available Output Voltage Range |
International Marking Protocol Efficiency Level |
Misc. Notes |
| Switchmode | Mini Power Family |
WSC100 | 10W | 5V-36V | Efficiency Level 4 or 5 (EISA 2007) |
Product availability, now. |
| WSA400 | 20W | 5V-48V | ||||
| WSA500 | 30W | 7V-48V | ||||
| Surge Power Family |
WSL700 | 36W | 5V-48V | Efficiency Level 4 or 5 (EISA 2007) |
Product availability, now. | |
| WSZ700 | 60W | |||||
| Excel Family |
WSL900 | 40W | 12V-48V | Efficiency Level 4 or 5 (EISA 2007) |
Product availability, now. | |
| WSL400 | 50W | |||||
| WSL500 | 60W | |||||
| Ultra Family | WSZ400 | 80W | 12V-48V | Efficiency Level 4 (EISA 2007) |
Product availability, now. | |
| WSZ500 | 90W | |||||
| WSX400 | 100W | |||||
| WSX500 | 120W | |||||
| Max Power Family |
WSX600 | 150W | 12V-48V | Efficiency Level 4 (EISA 2007) |
Product availability, now. | |
| WSX800 | 180W | |||||
| Linear Regulated DC Power Supply |
Regulated Linear Technology | "R" Series | 2.7W | 5V-36V | Efficiency Level 4 (EISA 2007) |
Only very low output power linear regulated models compliant to MEPS requirements. |
| Unregulated DC Power Supply |
Unregulated Technology | "U" Series | 1.5W to 30W |
6V-48V | Efficiency Level 4 (EISA 2007) |
10 different sub-product series available, in various case sizes |
| AC-AC, Transformer |
Transformers | "T" Series | 3VA to 40VA |
6Vac- 27Vac | Efficiency Level 5 (EISA 2007) |
10 different sub-product series available, in various case sizes |
